| Español | English | Definition (English) |
|---|---|---|
| Acuerdo bróker-transportista | Broker-carrier agreement | The master contract between a broker and a carrier that sets the terms applying to every load they handle together. |
| Acuerdo de despacho | Dispatcher-carrier agreement | The written contract between a carrier and its dispatcher setting the fee, how loads are approved and what the dispatcher may do on the carrier's behalf. |
| Autoridad de operación | Operating authority | FMCSA permission, identified by an MC number, to operate as a for-hire carrier or broker in interstate commerce. |
| Aviso de cesión | Notice of assignment (NOA) | A letter telling brokers to pay a carrier's factoring company instead of the carrier directly. |
| Bolsa de cargas | Load board | An online marketplace where available loads are posted and carriers search for freight. |
| Caja refrigerada | Reefer | A refrigerated trailer used for temperature-controlled freight. |
| Caja seca | Dry van | An enclosed trailer without refrigeration, used for general freight. |
| Carga de regreso | Backhaul | A load hauled on the return trip toward a truck's home base, reducing empty miles. |
| Carga por contrato | Contract freight | Freight moved under an ongoing agreement at set rates for a lane or customer. |
| Cargos adicionales | Accessorial charges | Fees beyond the linehaul rate for extra services or delays, such as detention, layover, lumper fees or tarping. |
| Carpeta de pruebas | Exhibit binder | Tabbed exhibits matching the exhibit list, prepared for trial or a hearing. |
| Certificado de seguro | Certificate of insurance (COI) | A document issued by an insurer or agent summarizing a policy's coverage, limits and dates. |
| Comprobante de entrega | Proof of delivery (POD) | The signed document confirming freight was delivered, typically required before an invoice is paid. |
| Confirmación de tarifa | Rate confirmation | The agreement between a broker and carrier setting the rate, pickup and delivery details for a load. |
| Conocimiento de embarque | Bill of lading (BOL) | The shipping document that records what is being transported, from whom, to whom, and under what terms. It also serves as a receipt for the freight. |
| Código de daño | Damage code | A short code on an inspection report for a type of damage, such as a scratch or dent. |
| Deducible por huracán | Hurricane deductible | A separate, often percentage-based deductible that applies to damage from a named storm or hurricane. |
| Descargador (lumper) | Lumper | A worker or service that loads or unloads freight at a facility, often for a fee paid by the carrier. |
| Dueño-operador | Owner-operator | A driver who owns or leases a truck and runs it as a business, under their own authority or leased onto a carrier. |
| Día de espera (pernocta) | Layover | A delay in which a driver is held overnight or longer before a load is ready, often compensated under the rate confirmation. |
| Estado de liquidación | Settlement statement | A summary of a driver's or carrier's earnings for a period, minus fees and deductions. |
| Factoraje | Factoring | Selling invoices to a factoring company for immediate payment, less a fee, instead of waiting for the customer to pay. |
| Factoraje con recurso | Recourse factoring | Factoring in which the carrier must repay the advance if the broker or shipper never pays the invoice. |
| Factoraje sin recurso | Non-recourse factoring | Factoring in which the factor absorbs the loss in defined situations, such as a broker's insolvency, usually for a higher fee. |
| Flete de línea | Linehaul | The base rate for moving freight from origin to destination, before accessorial charges. |
| Horas de servicio | Hours of service (HOS) | Federal rules limiting how long commercial drivers may drive and work before required rest. |
| Inspección alrededor del vehículo | Walk-around | A full inspection around a vehicle before loading or unloading. |
| Lectura del odómetro | Odometer reading | The mileage recorded at pickup and delivery on an inspection report. |
| Llamada de seguimiento | Check call | A status update from the carrier or dispatcher to the broker on a load's location and timing. |
| Manejo en equipo | Team driving | Two drivers sharing one truck so it can keep moving while one rests, within hours-of-service rules. |
| Mercado spot (al contado) | Spot market | Freight booked load by load at current market rates, as opposed to contract freight at agreed rates. |
| Millas vacías | Deadhead | Miles driven with an empty trailer, typically between a delivery and the next pickup. |
| Pago rápido | Quick pay | A broker program that pays carriers faster than standard terms, usually for a percentage fee. |
| Plataforma | Flatbed | An open trailer without sides or roof, used for oversized or irregularly shaped freight. |
| Portaautos abierto | Open car carrier | A trailer that hauls vehicles exposed to the weather; the most common and economical way to ship a car. |
| Recargo por combustible | Fuel surcharge | An amount added to the line-haul rate to account for fuel prices, often tied to a published fuel index. |
| Reclamo de carga | Cargo claim | A claim against a carrier's cargo insurance for damage to goods in transit. |
| Reglas de aprobación | Green-light rules | Written rules, such as lanes, minimum rate and equipment, under which a dispatcher may book a load without asking the carrier each time. |
| Reporte de condición del vehículo | Vehicle condition report | A record of a vehicle's condition, with photos, made at pickup and again at delivery. |
| Reporte de inspección del vehículo | Vehicle inspection report | A record of a vehicle's condition at pickup and delivery, signed by both sides. |
| Robo de identidad (carga) | Identity theft (freight) | When someone poses as a real carrier or broker, using its name and numbers to steal loads or payments. |
| Ruta | Lane | A route between an origin and a destination, often described by city or region pairs. |
| Ruta dedicada | Dedicated lane | A regular route a carrier runs for the same customer on a set schedule. |
| Seguro de carga | Cargo insurance | Coverage for loss of or damage to the freight a carrier is hauling. |
| Solo tractor | Power only | A service in which a carrier supplies the tractor and driver to pull a trailer owned by someone else. |
| Tarifa por milla | Rate per mile | A load's rate divided by its miles; the standard way carriers compare loads. |
| Tiempo de espera pagado | Detention | Time a driver waits beyond the agreed free time at pickup or delivery, often billable under the rate confirmation. |
| Tiempo libre de espera | Free time | The waiting time allowed at pickup or delivery before detention pay begins, often two hours. |
| Transporte cerrado | Enclosed transport | Shipping vehicles inside a covered trailer for protection, common for high-value or classic cars. |
| Vehículo que no funciona | Inoperable vehicle | A vehicle that does not run or steer, requiring a winch or forklift to load, often at extra cost. |
| Verificación de la autoridad del bróker | Broker authority lookup | Checking a broker's registration and status directly on FMCSA's official site before booking a load. |
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